Grupo MVeIT – Página 11 – Grupo de Investigación del Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS) de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.

29
Oct 11
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Induction of Parturition with Aglepristone in the Majorera Goat (Article)

Reproduction in Domestic Animals
Volume 46, Issue 5, October 2011, Pages 882-888
Batista, M. , Reyes, R., Santana, M., Alamo, D., Vilar, J., González, F., Cabrera, F., Gracia, A

Abstract

Contents: This study assessed the efficacy of aglepristone at inducing parturition in pregnant goats. Six experimental groups were defined: group A-5 (n=12), group A-3.3 (n=12), group A-2.5 (n=12) and group A-1.5 (n=12) in which goats were injected SC once with 5.0, 3.3, 2.5 and 1.5mg of aglepristone per kg body weight of goat, respectively, group L (n=11), which was treated IM with 3.75mg of luprostiol; and group Ct (n=11), which was injected SC with 1ml of saline solution. Different parameters associated with parturition were thereafter investigated. In addition, plasma progesterone concentrations were defined after treatments till parturition. Aglepristone effectively induced parturition in all of the goats. In the A-5, A-3.3 and A-2.5 groups, the time to parturition was around 30-34h, and the majority of goats (97.2%, 35/36) started kidding between 25 and 40h after the aglepristone injection. However, the goats in group A-1.5 showed a significantly (p<0.01) higher time to parturition (mean: 46.8h). Overall, the incidence of dystocia registered in aglepristone-induced goats (20.8%, 10/48) and luprostiol-induced goats was not different from that observed after a spontaneous parturition. The percentage of live kids was very similar between A-5, A-3.3, A.2.5 and L groups (95.7, 95.3, 95.0 and 96.3%, respectively) but was higher that observed in the control (83.4%) and A-1.5 (81.2%) groups. In addition, no maternal mortality was registered in any groups. No changes in plasma progesterone were observed during the first 24h after treatment, and high plasma progesterone concentrations were present at kidding (6.7, 5.5, 4.5 and 3.6ng/ml for groups A-5, A-3.3, A-2.5 and A-1.5, respectively), confirming that aglepristone does not induce parturition via luteolysis. This study demonstrates that aglepristone can be used to induce parturition in goats with satisfactory efficacy, inducing pregnancy termination without direct or immediate modifications of luteal function.

29
Ago 11
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Bilateral Epididymal Sperm Granulomas Following Urethrostomy in a German Shepherd Dog

Reproduction in Domestic Animals
Volume 46, Issue 4, August 2011, Pages 731-733
Batista-Arteaga, M. , Santana, M., Lozano, O., Niño, T., Alamo, D., Rodríguez, F.

Abstract

Contents: Bilateral enlargement of both epididymes was observed in a 6-year-old German shepherd dog following a pre-scrotal urethrostomy. Testicular parenchyma showed regular structure, and the spermatogenesis and the steroidogenic functions were not modified. However, macroscopic examination of the tail and the body of both epididymes exhibited multiple white and well-delimited foci. Histopathological study of the epididymes confirmed the development of granulomas associated with extravasated spermatozoa. Urethrostomy caused a severe stenosis of the penile urethra, favouring the retention of urine at the urinary bladder. The retrograde pressure exerted by the distension of the urinary bladder could have allowed the urine to reach the prostatic urethra and the deferent ducts and, finally, the epididymes, causing irritation and rupture of the mucous layer of the epididymal duct, the consequent sperm extravasation and the development of sperm granulomas. We speculate that the inadequate surgical resolution of the urethral calculi caused the bladder distension, the subsequent retrograde flow of urine and the development of the lesions.

17
Jun 11
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Efficacy study of novel diamidine compounds in a trypanosoma evansi goat model

PLoS ONE
Volume 6, Issue 6, 2011, Article number e20836
Gillingwater, K., Gutierrez, C., Bridges, A., Wu, H., Deborggraeve, S., Ali Ekangu, R., Kumar, A., Ismail, M., Boykin, D., Brun, R.

Abstract

Three diamidines (DB 75, DB 867 and DB 1192) were selected and their ability to cure T. evansi experimentally infected goats was investigated. A toxicity assessment and pharmacokinetic analysis of these compounds were additionally carried out. Goats demonstrated no signs of acute toxicity, when treated with four doses of 1 mg/kg/day (total dose 4 mg/kg). Complete curative efficacy of experimentally infected goats was seen in the positive control group treated with diminazene at 5 mg/kg and in the DB 75 and DB 867 groups treated at 2.5 mg/kg. Drug treatment was administered once every second day for a total of seven days. Complete cure was also seen in the group of goats treated with DB 75 at 1.25 mg/kg. DB 1192 was incapable of curing goats at either four-times 2.5 mg/kg or 1.25 mg/kg. Pharmacokinetic analysis clearly demonstrated that the treatment failures of DB 1192 were due to sub-therapeutic compound levels in goat plasma, whilst compound levels for DB 75 and DB 867 remained well within the therapeutic window. In conclusion, two diamidine compounds (DB 75 and DB 867) presented comparable efficacy at lower doses than the standard drug diminazene and could be considered as potential clinical candidates against T. evansi infection.

29
May 11
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Effects of induced parturition in goats on immunoglobulin G and chitotriosidase activity in colostrum and plasma and on plasma concentrations of prolactin (Article)

Domestic Animal Endocrinology
Volume 40, Issue 4, May 2011, Pages 192-196
Castro, N., Capote, J., Batista, M., Bruckmaier, R.M., Argüello, A.

Abstract

The effect of induction of parturition with a PGF ₂α analog on plasma concentration of prolactin (PRL) and its effects on colostrum concentration of IgG and chitotriosidase (ChT) activity were studied in 16 pregnant Majorera goats. Treated goats, those in which parturition was induced, had greater concentrations of PRL than control goats 24 h before parturition (P < 0.05) and 48 h after parturition (P < 0.05). Control goats had greater concentrations of PRL than treated goats 96 h after parturition (P < 0.05). Plasma concentration of IgG did not differ between groups during the experimental period, but colostrum concentrations of IgG were greater in control goats than in treated goats at parturition (P < 0.05). Plasma ChT activity decreased during the period 72 h before parturition to 24 h after parturition in control and treated goats. Time evolution after partum affected the colostrum ChT activity, being greater at parturition than after parturition in both groups (P < 0.05). In summary, concentration of IgG in colostrum is slightly diminished if parturition is induced. Induction of parturition causes an early increase in PRL, which is most likely responsible for preterm suppression of IgG transport into mammary secretions.

29
May 11
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Animal trypanosomosis: An important constraint for livestock in tropical and sub-tropical regions

Capítulo de libro en:

Livestock: Rearing, Farming Practices and Diseases
2011, Pages 127-144
Desquesnes, M.a, Gutierrez, C.b

Abstract

Trypanosomosis is an important constraint to the livestock production in many parts of Africa, Asia and Latin America. Tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis (nagana) is a disease complex caused particularly by Trypanosoma vivax, T. congolense and T. brucei brucei. Non tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis, on the other hand, is principally caused by T. evansi (surra), a widely distributed pathogenic trypanosome affecting livestock, but T. equiperdum and T. cruzi are also relevant pathogenic trypanosomes. From an economic viewpoint, it has been estimated that trypanosomosis reduces the cattle population between 30percent and 50percent and the production of milk and meat by at least 50percent in those infected areas of Africa. The presence of Trypanosoma vivax in and out of Africa transmitted by mechanical vectors rather than tsetse flies or the recent descriptions of T. evansi and T. equiperdum in European countries could pose a new threat for animal production in those territories. The purpose of this chapter is to review the current knowledge of the pathogenic trypanosomes that affect livestock, including the economic impact and control programs.

29
Abr 11
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Influence of the Preservation Temperature (37, 20, 4, -196°C) and the Mixing of Semen over Sperm Quality of Majorera Bucks

Reproduction in Domestic Animals
Volume 46, Issue 2, April 2011, Pages 281-288
Batista-Arteaga, M. , Niño, T., Santana, M., Alamo, D., Castro, N., Reyes, R., González, F., Cabrera, F., Gracia, A.

Abstract

This study assessed the effect of different semen storage temperatures and the influence of semen pooling in semen viability. In experiment 1, semen samples (n=30) of five Majorera bucks were individually processed [Individual semen (IS)] and after the first dilution (Tris-yolk extender), semen-diluted aliquots from each male were pooled semen (PS). Thereafter, semen samples (IS and PS) were preserved as fresh semen (37 and 20°C), chilled semen (4°C) and frozen semen. Sperm motility and the percentage of abnormal sperm cells and intact membrane acrosomes were defined. Semen preservation at 20 and 4°C did not modify the quality of spermatozoa for the first 24h, but the conservation at 37°C caused a dramatic fall in the semen motility from 12h onwards. Furthermore, the longevity of frozen-thawed semen was limited to 4-6h. No differences were observed in semen parameters when PS was compared with semen from individual males in any of the preservation protocols assessed. In experiment 2, 120 goats were distributed in four experimental groups: in group fresh individual semen (FIS, n=30) and group frozen-thawed individual semen (FTIS, n=30), does were transcervically inseminated with fresh semen and frozen-thawed semen from each individual male, respectively, and in group fresh pooled semen (FPS, n=30) and group frozen-thawed pooled semen (FTPS, n=30), goats were transcervically inseminated with FPS and FTPS, respectively. The kidding rate was very close in the FIS and FPS groups (70.0% and 73.7%, respectively), and no significant differences were observed in the fertility rate between FTIS and FTPS. The results of this study confirmed that semen samples may be preserved satisfactorily for 24h both at 20 and 4°C. In addition, the mixture of semen of different bucks did not significantly modify the semen parameters when compared with semen from individual males.

29
Abr 11
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Medical and Surgical Management of a Dystocia Because of Foetopelvic Disproportion in an African Lioness (Panthera Leo)

Reproduction in Domestic Animals
Volume 46, Issue 2, April 2011, Pages 362-365
Batista-Arteaga, M. , Santana, M., Lozano, O., Méndez, J., Quesada, O., Arbelo, M., Espinosa, J.

Abstract

Medical and surgical management of a foetopelvic dystocia in an African lioness (Panthera leo) and the post-operative complications are reported. A caesarean section was performed to extract an oversize foetus blocked at the cervical canal; the lioness died 36h after surgery. At necropsy, an abdominal effusion with sero-haemorrhagic fluid was observed, along with a fibrinopurulent exudate adhered to the serosal surfaces of the pelvic and abdominal cavities. In addition, the pelvic symphysis was not cartilaginous, but formed a firm and rigid joint between the pubis and ischium of each hip. The macroscopic and microscopic findings confirmed the presence of metritis, vaginitis and peritonitis. Dystocia may be caused by the premature ossification of the pelvic symphysis, reducing the dimensions of the pelvic cavity.

29
Abr 11
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Monitoring biodegradative enzymes with nanobodies raised in Camelus dromedarius with mixtures of catabolic proteins

Environmental Microbiology
Volume 13, Issue 4, April 2011, Pages 960-974
Zafra, O., Fraile, S., Gutiérrez, C., Haro, A., Páez-Espino, A.D., Jiménez, J.I., De Lorenzo, V.

Abstract

Functional studies of biodegradative activities in environmental microorganisms require molecular tools for monitoring catabolic enzymes in the members of the native microbiota. To this end, we have generated repertories of single-domain V_HH fragments of camel immunoglobulins (nanobodies) able to interact with multiple proteins that are descriptors of environmentally relevant processes. For this, we immunized Camelus dromedarius with a cocktail of up to 12 purified enzymes that are representative of major types of detoxifying activities found in aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Following the capture of the antigen-binding modules from the mRNA of the camel lymphocytes and the selection of sub-libraries for each of the enzymes in a phage display system we found a large number of V_HH modules that interacted with each of the antigens. Those associated to the enzyme 2,3 dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase of Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 (BphC) and the arsenate reductase of Staphylococcus aureus (ArsC) were examined in detail and found to hold different qualities that were optimal for distinct protein recognition procedures. The repertory of anti-BphC V_HHs included variants with a strong affinity and specificity for linear epitopes of the enzyme. When the anti-BphC V_HH library was recloned in a prokaryotic intracellular expression system, some nanobodies were found to inhibit the dioxygenase activity in vivo. Furthermore, anti-ArsC V_HHs were able to discriminate between proteins stemming from different enzyme families. The easiness of generating large collections of binders with different properties widens considerably the molecular toolbox for analysis of biodegradative bacteria and opens fresh possibilities of monitoring protein markers and activities in the environment.

19
Abr 11
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Morphological and biometrical features of Trypanosoma evansi isolates from an outbreak in mainland Spain.

Veterinary Parasitology
Volume 177, Issue 1-2, 19 April 2011, Pages 152-156
Tamarit, A. , Tejedor-Junco, M.T., González, M., Alberola, J., Gutierrez, C.

Abstract

According to several authors, Trypanosoma evansi is a monomorphic trypanosome found exclusively in slender intermediate forms, although additional studies have revealed that many strains present stumpy forms on rare occasions. In a recent T. evansi outbreak in mainland Spain, several atypical forms were observed in blood smear examinations. Molecular procedures were then necessary to confirm the causal agent. Morphological and biometric measures were taken to characterize the different forms of T. evansi. In contrast to published information, the results of this study would indicate that biometrically distinct T. evansi could also be found in the same farm and even in the same animal species. These data could be useful for many trypanosomes endemic areas of the world where molecular methods are not commonly available.

29
Mar 11
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Comparison between micro-hematocrit centrifugation technique and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Trypanosoma evansi in experimentally inoculated goats

Small Ruminant Research
Volume 96, Issue 1, March 2011, Pages 70-72
Tejedor-Junco, M.T. , González, M., Rodríguez, N.F., Corbera, J.A., Gutiérrez, C.

Abstract

Natural Trypanosoma evansi infection in the Canary Islands has only been diagnosed in the camel population, but dissemination of the disease in other hosts has not been excluded. To evaluate the role of the goats in the dissemination of the disease, 8 goats were inoculated and examined during 6 months using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a primer targeting a repetitive region specific for Trypanozoon subgenus used to amplify a 227. bp fragment from the genomic DNA. PCR was able to detect parasitemia in all tested samples; therefore it was considered as gold standard test in this study. The results were compared with those obtained using the micro-hematocrit centrifugation technique showing a sensitivity of 92.7%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 1 and negative predictive value of 0.87. Both techniques seem to be adequate to detect T. evansi from infected goats.

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